A “food printer” is a 3D printer that prints edible materials. Most 3D printers today print in plastic and in metal, and are revolutionizing industries from aerospace to medicine. Our goal in this project is to develop a 3D printer for fabricating edible items by computer-guided deposition and cooking of edible pastes, gels, powders and liquid ingredients (e.g. flour, water, eggs, butter, and protein). We believe that a food printer is the “missing link” that could bring the benefits of personalized data-driven health to people’s kitchen table.
You want to bake a special cake for your mom, so you boot up the 3-D printer in your kitchen. Loaded with a dozen cartridges filled with pastes of chocolate, marzipan, and other ingredients, the machine downloads instructions from the Internet. You key  in a specific texture, size, and flavor, and then you insert a 3-D message in the center—Happy Birthday, Mom!—to be revealed only after she takes a bite. The machine does the rest, assembling and baking a pastry so scrumptious it rivals a virtuoso chef’s in richness and complexity. Your mother loves it so much that she insists you send a slice of the same cake—in the form of a digital recipe—to your Uncle Norman’s printer as well. Your 3-D cake recipe gets so many raves, in fact, that you decide to sell the recipe online for 99 cents a download.
Science fiction? Hardly. The technology exists, and since our first food printing in 2005, we have cooked up all sorts of comestibles with it, some a lot stranger than a cake with printing inside. See some of our original food printing results below (2005-2012).

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Project participants
  • At Columbia University (2015-) : Drim Stokhuijzen, Jerson Mezquita, Joni Mici, and Hod Lipson, and students from the Digital Manufacturing Class (2016)
  • ​At Cornell University (2005-2014): Jeffrey Lipton, Daniel Cohen, Evan Malone, Dan Periard, Franz Nigl, Meridith Cutler, D. Coulter, A. Vesco, and Hod Lipson

Related Publications
  • Blutinger, J.D., Tsai, A., Storvick, E., Seymour, G., Liu, E., Samarelli, N., Karthik, S., Meijers, Y., Lipson, H., (2021) Precision cooking for printed foods via multi-wavelength lasers, npj Science of Food Vol. 5
  • Hertafeld, E., Zhang, C., Jin, Z., Jakub, A., Russell, K., Lakehal, Y., Andreyeva, K., Bangalore, S.N., Mezquita, J., Blutinger, J.D., Lipson, H., (2018) Multi-material three-dimensional food printing with simultaneous infrared cooking, 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
  • Lipton, J.I., Cutler, M., Nigl, F., Cohen, D., Lipson, H., (2016) Additive manufacturing for the food industry, Trends in Food Science & Technology 43 (1), 114-123
  • Lipton, J.I., Lipson, H., Adventures in Printing Food, IEEE Spectrum (2013)
  • Lipton, J.I., Arnold, D., Nigl, F., Lopez, N., Cohen, D.L., Noren, Nils., Lipson,H., (2010) "Multi-Material Food Printing with Complex Internal Structure Suitable for Conventional Post-Processing", 21st Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF'10), Austin Tx, USA. 
  • Cohen D.L., Lipton, J., Cutler, M., Coulter, D., Vesco, A., Lipson, H. (2009) “Hydrocolloid Printing: A Novel Platform for Customized Food Production” Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF’09), Aug 3-5 2009, Austin, TX, USA. 
  • Periard D.,  Schaal N.,  Schaal M., Malone E., Lipson H., (2007) “Printing Food”, Proceedings of the 18th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin TX, Aug 2007, pp.564-574.